The the government of ethiopia fdre, 2003 has framed indirect indicators include storage estimates, subsistence the overall causes of food insecurity in the country as potential ration and nutritional status assessment alison lack of access to input, lack of information, lack of access and slack, 1999. Causes and coping mechanisms of food insecurity in rural. Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems. The state of food insecurity in the world 2011 highlights the differential impacts. Solutions to food insecurity are often framed within a narrow analysis of future global supply and demand for food. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their. The cycle of food insecurity and chronic disease begins when an individual or family cannot afford enough nutritious food, illustrated by the image below. Farmers view 1 degefa tolossa department of geography, norwegian university of science and technology 1. Pdf food insecurity in ethiopia feyera bekele academia. Though not a root cause of food insecurity, an effective humanitarian. Understanding climate as a driver of food insecurity in ethiopia. What are the main causes of food insecurity in the world today. Solutions to food insecurity a background briefing.
Food security is defined, according to the world food summit of 1996, as existing when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. In order to formulate effective policies for reaching this goal, a thorough understanding of the location and causes of food insecurity is needed. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, stephen devereux and others published food insecurity in ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. To this end, 397 household heads were selected through. Food insecurity in the region is principally, but not exclusively, a rural problem. Ethiopia s food security strategy highlights the governments plans to address the causes and effects of food insecurity in ethiopia. The combination of stress and poor nutrition can make disease management even more challenging. Ethiopia is expected to continue facing a major food security emergency in 2018, as the impacts of poor rainfall in 201617, expected belowaverage rainfall in the first half of 2018, and large. High rates of population growth and poverty have also played a part, within an already difficult environment of fragile ecosystems. Assessing the root causes of recurring food insecurity in ethiopia. Ethiopia is one of the most foodinsecure and famine affected countries. The evidence linking food insecurity to interstate conflict is less strong, though.
And in the united states alone, one in six children goes hungry. This paper examines some important causes and challenges of the global food crisis on human and economic development. The brief is organized around the fews net household livelihoods analytical framework figure 1, which looks at underlying and proximate causes of food insecurity as a means to anticipate outcomes at regional and household levels. The preceding section presented the recent nature of economic growth in ethiopia which was characterized as fast and continues economic growth.
Food insecurity is both a cause and a consequence of violence, contributing to a vicious cycle or conflict trap. Nov 17, 2015 today, africa has one of the highest population growth rates in the world, placing the african population at a higher risk of food insecurity 7. Despite these challenges, agricultureled economic growth that is linked to improved livelihoods and nutrition can become a longlasting solution to ethiopias chronic poverty and food insecurity. Food insecurity in subsaharan africa by amy rademacher. In fact, in some parts of africa and asia, women and children walk an average of nearly four miles for drinking water that isnt always even safe to drink. These are deterioration of food production capacity due to drought and land degradation, population pressure and instability and armed conflict. Here are five things you need to know about the united states involvement in addressing food insecurity in ethiopia. In many parts of ethiopia, as a cause of food security combinations of natural and manmade factors have resulted in serious and growing food insecurity problem. Food security is a measure of the availability of food and individuals ability to access it. There are two competing theories regarding the relationship between population growth and. That means that in a given year, almost 1 in 10 ethiopians will struggle to have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for. Household food insecurity and symptoms of neurologic disorder. The root causes of food insecurity in ethiopia include structural factors such as degradation of the natural environment, population pressure that resulted in land fragmentation and landpercapita decline, backward agricultural technologypoor performance of agricultural sector and. A case study from south central ethiopia summary this paper addresses the challenge of reducing poverty, food insecurity, and natural resource degradation, and abolishing recurrent famines in ethiopia.
High rates of population growth and poverty have also played a part, within an. Through food security analysis and monitoring, wfp provides actionable food security information for each country in which it works. The main focus is on analysis of the causes and impact of food insecurity coupled with the measures to achieve adequate food security. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the food insecurity situation and identify the determinants among the rural households of boset district. University of the free state south africa abstract the main objective of the study was to examine the determinants of households food security using a logistic regression procedure. Between starvation and death, there is nearly always disease. Ethiopia has been structurally food deficit since at least 1980. A simulation study conducted using food insecure households as a reference group indicated that improvement in seven predictor. Causes and coping mechanisms of food insecurity in rural ethiopia.
Food insecurity is linked to increased risk of democratic failure, protests and rioting, communal violence and civil conflict. The causes of food insecurity in ethiopia are many and interlinked each. Pdf causes of household food insecurity in wolayta. At the 1996 world food summit, 186 countries made a commitment to reduce the number of chronically undernourished people by half by 2015. Boon tubers in africa is the lowest in comparison to the other regions of the world mcgranahm et al 1999. The underlying causes of food insecurity home food and.
Main causes of food insecurity 1680 words bartleby. Assessing the root causes of recurring food insecurity in. Ethiopia humanitarian needs overview 2019 ethiopia. This score was divided into three food insecurity categories for the purposes of analysis. The causes of the exist ing food insecurity problem in ethiopia a re numerous and interrelated a ta, 2010. Causes and effects of food insecurity environmental. What are the main causes of food insecurity in the world. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for. The assumption that drought, in a broad sense, is a major driver of food insecurity in ethiopia. These variations cause significant price fluctuations, in the absence of effective. Rural poverty, food insecurity and environmental degradation. The paper begins with a brief overview of what food security entails, structural factors hindering food security as well as the effects of food insecurity.
There are two competing theories regarding the relationship between. The immediate causes of food insecurity include frequently recurring droughts and erratic rainfall patterns. The assessment was based on intensive reading of both published and unpublished documents. Assessing the root causes of food insecurity in ethiopia page 1 of 18 1 executive summary ethiopias food security crisis of 20152016 is the latest in a string of such crises that have blighted the countrys modern history. Ecosystems degradation, rapid population growth, poor rural infrastructure. The major challenges of food security in ethiopia are classified as backward agricultural production technologies, population pressure, environmental and resource degradation, poverty, weak institutional capacity to uproot the causes of food insecurity, inadequate infrastructure and social service and inappropr. Rural poverty, food insecurity, and environmental degradation in ethiopia. Therefore, in order to comprehensively address the problem of food insecurity identifying the major determinants of food security becomes crucial.
This essay describes food security issues in ethiopia that is one of the most heavily populated countries in the subsaharan region. This commonly refers to people having physical and economic access to food that meets both their nutritional needs and food preferences. Attempt was made to give an overview of the fundamental. Mar 01, 2016 food insecurity is a structural problem in many parts of rural ethiopia. This will be followed by a glimpse into the protracted situation in the drc as well as suitable frameworks for analyzing and responding to protracted crises. While ethiopia has come closer to its overall aim of selfsufficiency, this has not led to an automatic reduction in food insecurity of annual variations in production are still considerable, reflecting in part the dependence of farming on climatic conditions. Acute under nutrition which refers to shortterm inadequacy of food intake, in cases such as. Food insecurity is a structural problem in many parts of rural ethiopia. The factors that cause food insecurity are wide and vary from place to place but in this literature the following major causes will be discussed. Aug 10, 2017 studies into food insecurity and climate in ethiopia are often founded on the presumption that drought causes food insecurity in ethiopia, and that by extension efforts to reduce the impact of drought through early warning mechanisms, or in the introduction of droughtresilient crops, for example, can tackle food insecurity in the country. This ongoing condition has been caused by a number of factors including distribution obstacles, global climate change, a lack of successful local agriculture, and an. Food insecurity in ethiopia essay example topics and well.
Addis ababa university school of graduate studies masters. Under nutrition is defined as the measurable nutrient deficiency in a diet that can lead to illness lack of energy, retardation, blindness or even deaths. Ethiopia, kenya, nigeria, somalia, uganda, and yemen. Causes of household food insecurity in koredegaga peasant association, oromiya zone, ethiopia haile, h. Structural factors contributing to chronic food insecurity include poverty as both cause and consequence, the fragile natural resource base, weak institutions. Introduction ethiopia is currently facing challenging problems, ranging from those induced by. Food insecurity, especially when caused by higher food prices, heightens the risk of democratic breakdown, civil conflict, protest, rioting, and communal conflict. The main triggers of transitory food insecurity in ethiopia are drought and war. The longterm effects of chronic malnutrition cost ethiopia approximately 16. The geography and causes of food insecurity in developing. Very high levels of severe acute malnutrition have been reported in the the most affected countries. When famine strikes, it is the rural population who is most vulnerable. This paper takes a grassroots approach to understand the causes of the variation in food security status among rural farm households ethiopia.
Top 5 causes of insecurity in nigeria nigerian finder. Despite several efforts made so far to improve the overall food insecurity situation, the challenge is still a major problem in ethiopia since a long time ago. Food insecurity in ethiopia essay example topics and. The food security strategy has two major approaches towards achieving food security in ethiopia. May 05, 2016 economic growth and food insecurity in ethiopia. A drought that began in october 2016 has been ongoing in ethiopia, leading to high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition. Seasonality is a major cause of cyclical food insecurity. Hence, the aim of this is study is to understand the food security status, coping strategies and major determinants of household food security in the study area. Today, ethiopia faces high levels of food insecurity. Jan 31, 2014 ethiopia is one of many african countries deeply affected by food insecurityestimates of the portion of ethiopias population without secure access to food exceeds 3 million in some seasons. However, over the last decade these emergencies have become a chronic, rather than transitory, condition. Reasons for food insecurity of farm households in south. These outcomes correspond broadly to chronic, cyclical and transitory food insecurity, and all are endemic in ethiopia.
Interventions need to be planned on the basis of a good understanding of the factors that contribute to the particular vulnerability of rural. By combining traditional assessment methods with advanced and emerging technologies, wfp is able to identify food insecure populations around the world, and to establish the underlying causes of food insecurity. Ethiopia are stunted, a condition caused by a lack of nutrients that leads to permanent cognitive and physical impairments. Pdf this study investigates the underlying problems causing food insecurity in ethiopia and tests, policy options that could alleviate the problem in. Government has been heavily involved in battling food insecurity in ethiopia. There is evidence of food security being a concern many thousands of years ago, with central authorities in ancient china and ancient egypt being known to release food from storage in times of famine. The research is carried out by the broadening access and strengthening input market systems basis project in ethiopia which conducted a panel of household surveys since june 2000 in four study districts in south wollo and oromia. Food insecurity refers to the uncertain availability of food and beverages. Many rural households have already lost their means of livelihood due to recurrent drought and crop failures ayalneh, 2002. This section explains the relationship between food insecurity and economic growth in ethiopia between 1991 and 2015. The study of berhanu 2001 conducted in ethiopia, identified different factors that cause food insecurity. Causes and effects of food insecurity environmental sciences.
The relation bn economic growth and food insecurity. The distinction between drought as catchall driver of food insecurity and a more nuanced view of the relationship between rainfall variability and food security is necessary both for addressing food. Pdf state of household food insecurity in ethiopia. Fiftyeight percent of households reported having at least one member with high blood pressure and 33 percent had at least one. This question is of interest since it has been argued that there is no problem of underdevelopment that can be more serious than food insecurity. Ethiopia suffers from both chronic, longterm food insecurity wfp and csa 2014, and the regular incidence of severe food insecurity crises, often associated with drought events guhasapir et al. The objective of this paper is to examine causes of food insecurity in wolayta. The main objective of the study is to identify the environmental and socioeconomic causes of transitory food insecurity among farm households in. Introduction world food summit defines food security as. Currently, food insecurity and undernutrition are two of the greatest economic hindrances in ethiopia. Understanding climate as a driver of food insecurity in. Ethiopia, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan, lao peoples democratic republic. Causes and consequences of food insecurity hunger and health.
To address food insecurity, the government of ethiopia. The elimination of food insecurity in the horn of africa. Famine has been declared in parts of south sudan and the food security situation is of grave concern in 6 other countries. Whilst food production undoubtedly influences food. Some possible solutions while it is true that the food insecurity problems in africa are complex and will not all be solved overnight, there has been some progress made on this important issue. Even though droughtrelated relief food needs have decreased due to. Traditionally, food insecurity in ethiopia was primarily addressed by deployments of emergency food aid. Drought and conflict are the main factors that have exacerbated the problem of food production, distribution and access. Structural factors contributing to chronic food insecurity include poverty as.
Assessing the root causes of food insecurity in ethiopia page 1 of 18 1 executive summary ethiopia s food security crisis of 20152016 is the latest in a string of such crises that have blighted the countrys modern history. Food insecurity of rural households in boset district of. Through feed the future, we are helping ethiopian households become more involved in incomegenerating activities in the agricultural sector. Food insecurity in subsaharan africa by amy rademacher for almost half a century, subsaharan africa ssa has been struggling, in one form or another, with food insecurity. Structural factors contributing to chronic food insecurity include poverty as both cause. Today, africa has one of the highest population growth rates in the world, placing the african population at a higher risk of food insecurity 7. Ethiopias food security crisis of 20152016 is the latest in a string of such crises that. Although unemployment is often associated with food insecurity, the paths through which it leads to food insecurity is less explored. Household socioeconomic status ses was measured through an asset index, as is standard in lowincome countries. In 2018, ethiopia faced a significant spike in conflictinduced displacement. Food insecurity is an enduring, critical challenge in ethiopia which is africas second populous country after nigeria.
Global food security strategy gfss ethiopia country plan. Unemployment and food insecurity in urban ethiopia etana. What are the connections between food insecurity and health. This study investigates the effects of unemployment on food insecurity based on data collected from 410 randomly selected households in addis ababa and the munessa district of arsi zone. The underlying causes of food insecurity drought and conflict are the main factors that have exacerbated the problem of food production, distribution and access. Household seasonal food insecurity in oromiya zone, ethiopia. Its goal is to tackle chronic food insecurity and break ethiopia s dependence on food aid. Ethiopia, the problem of food insecurity has continued to persist in the country. The primary direct and indirect causes of malnutrition in ethiopia include persistent food insecurity, poor dietary diversity, poor food qualitysafety. Although food insecurity and poverty are conceptually and empirically distinct, in ethiopia the overlap between the two is greater than in most countries. Causes of food insecurity, binary logit, wolayta, ethiopia. A shift to good wealth status larger than the sample mean tlu and an improvement in land tenure security decreases the probability of household food insecurity by 38% and 31%, respectively. This essay analyzes the causes of food insecurity in ethiopia and the measures taken by different entities to address the problem.