Sidp seed improvement and development programme fao. Pdf maize hybrid seed production manual peter setimela. It is during the vegetative stage that the plant establishes full potential of photosynthetic capacity to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and develop strong and healthy plants. The seed borne diseases spread quickly, and cannot be controlled using chemicals as well. Promoting the growth and development of smallholder seed. The production of foundation seed is a highly specialized and closely supervised operation. Public vegetable variety trials and organic small grains trials 37.
The pvp act governs the production and sale of seed for the purpose of ensuring the breeder is fairly compensated for their work. In contrast to plant breeding or development, the aim in seed regeneration is to maintain the variety unchanged. Seed and seed quality nc state extension publications. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Recent studies showed that the early seed development is likely to be influenced by histone.
This nature of flowering facilitates the breeding of hybrids and openpollinated varieties opvs as the two broad cultivar types. This is due to the federal plant variety protection pvp act that protects all seed sales in the u. In some cases, seeds must also be tested for the presence of seed borne diseases, and hybridity tests are conducted to confirm parentage in hybrid seed. Seed production and variety development for organic systems. Seed production and variety development slideshare. However, some degree of dormancy is advan tageous, at least during seed development. There are different types of seed development and certification.
The project concentrated on the development of varieties of rapeseed brassica campestris var. Seed development is a pivotal process in the life cycle of an angiosperm. Basic concepts of seed production and seed regeneration seed production and regeneration. Since the dawn of agriculture some 10,000 years ago, farmers have been developing varieties of plants to yield desired results. Because of this, highquality seed production is required.
This handbook covers a whole range of issues relating to local seed supply systems, including participatory plant breeding, and both technical and practical information on seed production and variety maintenance. The type of plant varieties so selected for commercial production are greatly influenced by its mode of reproduction, cost of seed relative. All actors have interdependent roles in the system and inefficiency of one actor will. The world bank and its partners use development seed tools to detect, manage, and plan roads investments that serve all citizens. Foundation seed lots do not normally enter routine trade channels. Introduction of seed production introduction contains the topics 1. Feb 24, 2014 seed production and variety development for organic systems. A typical variety or synonymous term cultivar originates from natural. Significant progress has been made during the last five decades in cultivar development. Research for the past 20 years has been on variety development, cultural management, cost of production studies and different seed production techniques.
Seed production and variety development for organic systems most of the research to develop seed varieties speci. National seed vision 20 2025 is the first official document of its kind in the seed sector of. In addition, the germination capacity of the seed in a standard test must be shown on the label. Depending upon the requirement the following seed treatment may be given. It is recommended, however, that naturaltrack status if applicable and known regions or zones of adaptation be listed on the tag for native plant varieties cultivars. To reach this goal, extensive breeding programs are conducted with many crop species by both publicly. Maize seedling growth stages vegetative stage this stage lasts from emergency to tasseling. There are different types of seed development and certification systems the choice of which may depend on national. Optimising organic seed production of carrot and dealing with alternaria spp. An approved variety must be a variety recognized by an international organization recognized by the department, such as the association of official seed certifying agencies aosca, canadian food inspection agency cfia, or the organization for economic cooperation and development oecd seed scheme. When you eat an ear of corn, for example, you can thank the prehistoric agriculturalists who started the process by selecting types of maize that retained their seed on the ear, leading to the development of corn on the cob. This is especially critical for selfpollinated and openpollinated crops. This bulletin provides appropriate, userfriendly procedures and guidelines for variety development, evaluation and variety release systems. Development of monopicking pea variety for mechanical harvesting and.
The procedures for the production of maize hybrid seed and maintenance of parental lines are well documented. Poonia junagadh agricultural university, junagadh362 001 gujarat india author for correspondence abstract seed is the basic, vital and central input in agriculture which played an important role in deciding the. Realtime disaster data well be at state of the map sharing a vision for using machine learning to help disaster mappers work faster and more accurately. Seed production and training manual by lambert delimini fao 12052012. Agricultural officer seed production and processing. Production of high quality seed is an exacting task. Guei agricultural officer seed production and processing plant production and protection division. Pearl millet seed production and processing out of the spikelets earlier than the male part. Seed value chain analysis identifies the operators and service providers and their activities in the seed chain. Seed dormancy is generally an undesirable characteristic in agricultural crops, where rapid germination and growth are required.
The public institutions producing seeds are mainly concentrating on open pollinated varieties of 60 percent and the private seed companies meeting the requirement of hybrid seed and other transgenic crops to fill up the gap. Pdf quality seed production of field crops and seed health. Traditional and alternative approach the traditional approach for plant germplasm development is to produce varieties with known adaptability and proven superior or unique characteristics that are distinct, uniform, and stable. This manual is intended to address these issues, strategizing and sharing experiences on communitybased seed production. There is a wide gap between quality seed production and its distribution at farmers.
Development in seed systems of ethiopia 15 as oromiya seed enterprise ose, amhara seed enterprise ase, and southern nations nationalities and peoples region seed enterprise srse and entered into the formal system. The goal in plant breeding is to develop better varieties. Pdf modern varieties are backbone of formal seed industry. Promoting the growth and development of smallholder seed enterprises for food security crops case studies from brazil, cote divoire and india food and agriculture organization of the united nations rome, 2010 coordinated by robert g. Conducting an onfarm variety trial prior to expanding production. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 177117 bytes article sharing repository deposits questions.
Box 2 explains the basic activities of the operators. Dry bean production guide page 1 of 17 ndsu libraries. Seed productionquality assurance seed biotechnology center. To a certain extent, flowering can be manipulated by changing the planting date of inbreds. Most of this initial pearl millet production has been for poultry feed, although the crop shows good feed potential for other types of livestock as well. Pdf development, maintenance and seed multiplication of. This is particu larly true for cereal crops because it prevents germination of. However, for largescale production, harvesting and planting of mother bulbs is too expensive and seed to seed production is required. Pollen tube development may also be impaired by high temperatures. The f1 hybrid of crosses between different genotypes is often much more vigorous than its parents. Seeds and agriculture research processes in tanzania.
The development and use of high yielding seed varieties has been the technological force behind the reduction of rural poverty, successful green revolutions, and abundant food at prices profitable for farmers and affordable to the populace in most developing countries. The ncfsp increases the limited amounts of breeder seed available for each variety and makes the resulting foundation seed available to producers of registered or certified seed. It is initiated by the process of double fertilization, which leads to the development of the embryo and the endosperm 99. Key practices for drr implementers the designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao concerning the legal or development. Variety development, testing, registreation, approvaland release system in pakistan the main objective of plant breeding programmes is to develop new plant varieties that can enhance the farm productivity. This hybrid vigour, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways, including. The development of hybrid varieties differs from hybridization in that no attempt is made to produce a purebreeding population. Net benefits from using various variety and seed type s.
It suggests new approaches and methods to support onfarm seed production by smallscale farmers in developing countries. However, not much has been written on the development, maintenance, and multiplication of improved open pollinated maize varieties opvs. In this region, cabbage has a long tradition of growing and a variety of possible uses. The basics for producing and harvesting seed from plant material for the purpose of distribution, storage or sale. Under the seed legislation, a regulatory framework for control of the quality of seed produced, imported, exported and used by the farmers in tanzania is provided. Producer markets comparable to those existing for other types of agri cultural production therefore thedo not exist.